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Grand Challenges Explorations fosters creative projects that show great promise to improve the health of people in the developing world. Initial grants are awarded two times a year, and successful projects have the opportunity to receive additional funding of up to $1 million.
On May 10, 2010, the Gates Foundation announced that 78 new global health projects received Grand Challenges Explorations grants. Learn more about these below. Round 5 grants will be announced in October 2010.
To review all 340 Explorations projects, select "Show All Rounds" in the Round drop-down menu. |
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Showing Grants 1 to 10 of 22 | | A Novel Approach of Creating an Attenuated Pneumonia Vaccine | | | Vijay Pancholi, The Ohio State University Research Foundation, Columbus, OH, United States - US |
| | | | | Vijay Pancholi of The Ohio State University Research Foundation in the U.S. will attempt to attenuate the S. pneumonia bacteria by altering export of the GAPDH enzyme, a function thought to be essential to the bacteria’s survival. Preventing export of this key enzyme will decrease bacterial virulence, allowing the attenuated strain to be used for development an affordable live vaccine for pneumococcal pneumonia. | | A Novel Effective Vaccine Against Cholera | | | Michael Lebens, University of Gothenburg Institute for Vaccine Research (GUVAX), Gothenburg, Sweden - SE |
| | | | | Michael Lebens of the University of Gothenburg Institute for Vaccine Research in Sweden proposes to develop a new oral cholera vaccine using a single cholera strain that expresses antigens for both the Inaba and Ogawa serotypes, as well as produces cholera toxin subunits that act as an adjuvant to stimulate mucosal immune activity. | | A Single Vaccine Against Pneumococcus and Typhoid Fever | | | Yingjie Lu, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States - US |
| | | | | Yingjie Lu and Richard Malley of Children's Hospital Boston in the U.S. will develop a bivalent vaccine by conjugating a fusion of three novel, highly-conserved pneumococcal antigens to the already approved Vi polysaccharide vaccine used for typhus. The team will test its ability to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses against both pneumococcus and typhoid fever. | | Dendritic Cell Receptor-Targeted Malaria Vaccines | | | Rajan George, Paladin Biosciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada - CA |
| | | | | Rajan George of Paladin Biosciences, a division of Paladin Labs Inc. in Canada will produce a vaccine with multiple malaria antigens to target dendritic cell receptors and without the need for an adjuvant, in an effort to induce both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to the malaria parasite at various stages of the infection. | | Develop Novel Receptor Blocking Vaccines Against P. falciparum and P. viva | | | Deepak Gaur, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Delhi, India - IN |
| | | | | Deepak Gaur, Chetan Chitnis and Virander Chauhan of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology in India will attempt to develop a blood-stage malaria vaccine that uses a combination of two proteins found among a wide diversity of malaria parasites. Their goal is to stimulate antibodies that would stop parasite infection of red blood cells by blocking multiple pathways of invasion. | | Development of a Genetically-Attenuated Live Malaria Vaccine | | | Krystal Evans, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia - AU |
| | | | | Krystal Evans of The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Australia will knock out several proteins that support the expression of the major virulence factor for the malaria parasite. Their aim is create a genetically-attenuated live malaria vaccine that elicits a strong immune response against diverse strains of the parasite. | | Engineered H. pylori as a Diarrheal Vaccine Platform | | | Martin Blaser, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States - US |
| | | | | Martin Blaser of the New York University School of Medicine in the U.S. proposes to engineer a harmless modification of H. pylori, a bacteria commonly found in the human stomach, to deliver antigens to protect against intestinal pathogens such as cholera and campylobacter. This modified H. pylori can only survive in the presence of an enzyme supplied in special drinking water, allowing those administering the vaccine to regulate its colonization. | | Enhancing TB Vaccines with Gene Silencing | | | Jinhee Lee, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA, United States - US |
| | | | | Jinhee Lee and Gary Ostroff of the University of Massachusetts Medical School in the U.S. will test the idea of delivering small interfering RNA (siRNAs) via glucan particles in an oral TB vaccine formulation. The team will utilize the siRNAs’ ability to block immunosuppressive signaling and amplify the immune response. | | Genetic Fossils Used As Vaccine Targets for HIV | | | Jonah Sacha, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States - US |
| | | | | Because HIV infection activates endogenous retroviruses (ERV) in human cells, which are naturally dormant, Jonah Sacha of the University of Wisconsin in the U.S. will target T-cells against these ERV antigens. If true, new host-directed vaccines could be developed to eliminate HIV infected cells. | | Ghost HIV Virus to Stimulate the Immune System | | | Paul Kim, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States - US |
| | | | | Paul Kim of Johns Hopkins University in the U.S. will modify HIV by removing the viral genome and replacing the outer domain of the gp120 protein, used by the virus to invade host immune cells, with receptors normally used by gp120 to bind to host cells. When this modified ghost virus encounters native HIV during an infection, hidden epitopes are exposed to the host immune system, stimulating antibodies to clear the infection. |
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