Background
Proof-of-concept laboratory experiments have demonstrated that introduced genetic constructs can reduce substantially the capacity of insect vectors to transmit disease agents.  Furthermore, genetic strategies have succeeded in reducing or eliminating certain insect populations. 

Roadblock
While we can enumerate the technologic requirements for the genetic control of disease-transmitting insects, we have not solved the full range of problems that would allow us to either replace an insect vector population in the field with one incapable of transmitting a disease aspect, or to control insect vector population numbers by genetic approaches.  We also cannot accurately predict all of the ecological consequences of replacement. 

Challenge
To develop a coherent genetic strategy for making vector populations incompetent to transmit disease agents, or for substantially reducing the prevalence of the vector.  The strategy must ensure effectiveness in the field, safety, and social and environmental acceptability.   Requirements for success would include:

• gene drive mechanisms that overcome a likely loss of fitness and permit rapid, species-specific fixation of the desired traits in the vector population either by chromosomal integration or by means of appropriate microorganisms;
• alternately, heritable constructs that confer to the vector conditional or temporally-delayed dominant lethality;
• methods for cost-effective mass-production of the appropriately modified vectors;
• detailed understanding of vector population dynamics, dispersal and diversity, including barriers to gene flow in regions for potential intervention, and accordingly tailoring the intervention; and
• development of appropriate mechanisms to address the scientific, ethical, social and regulatory aspects in partnership with the affected communities.

Potential Benefits

• Permanent disruption of the disease transmission cycle, achieving prevention without need to treat the human population

Priority Areas

• Malaria
• Trypanosomiasis
• Dengue